Šā gada martā salīdzinājumā ar februāri patēriņa cenas Latvijā pieauga par 1,2%, bet salīdzinājumā ar 2023. gada martu šā gada martā – par 0,9%. Mēnesi iepriekš gada inflācija bija 0,4%.
Kā Latvijas ekonomisti vērtē cenu situāciju? Un kādas prognozes viņi sniedz?
Ieva Opmane, ekonomiste:
– Martā bija gaidāms neliels cenu kāpums, jo mēnesī palielinājās akcīzes nodoklis alkoholiskajiem dzērieniem, tabakas izstrādājumiem un saldinātajiem bezalkoholiskajiem dzērieniem. Mēneša laikā nedaudz pieauga arī degvielas cenas, bet centralizētās siltumapgādes tarifi lielā daļā norēķinu turpināja samazināties.
Pakalpojumu cenas pēdējos mēnešos ir nepārtraukti pieaugušas, un aprīlī paaugstinātās cenas starppilsētu pārvadājumiem joprojām gaida atspoguļojumu statistikā. Tomēr aug ne tikai transporta cenas, bet arī dažādu citu pakalpojumu veidu cenas, piemēram, martā pieauga gan ūdensapgādes un kanalizācijas pakalpojumu, gan dažu izklaides pasākumu cenas.
Dainis Gaspuitis, ekonomists:
– Salīdzinot cenu līmeņa pārmaiņas gada laikā, vienīgā grupa, kurā cenu līmenis ir samazinājies, ir mājokļu cenas. Tas galvenokārt saistīts ar enerģijas cenu kritumu, savukārt daudzu citu ar mājokli saistītu pakalpojumu cenas turpina pieaugt. Ņemot vērā labvēlīgos apstākļus gāzes tirgū, siltumenerģijas tarifiem vajadzētu turpināt samazināties.
Siltie laikapstākļi ir arī samazinājuši enerģijas patēriņu, kam vajadzētu izpausties kā lielākiem izdevumiem citur. Citās grupās, īpaši pakalpojumu jomā, cenu kāpums turpinās samērā straujā tempā. To ietekmē darbu izmaksu kāpums, kas ne vienmēr tiek uzkrāts izmaksās un nodots galalietotājiem.
Kopējā inflācija gada pirmajā pusgadā saglabāsies zema. Otrajā pusgadā, kad enerģijas cenu krituma ietekme sāks mazināties, pakalpojumu cenu tendences kļūs skaidrākas, un inflācija palielināsies. Inflācija tuvojas līmenim, taču globālie notikumi, t.sk. laikapstākļi, var ātri mainīt situāciju. Prognozētā inflācija šim gadam ir 1,4 %.
Mārtiņš Āboliņš, ekonomists:
– Patēriņa cenu inflācija Latvijā joprojām ir ļoti zema, taču cenas kopumā turpina pieaugt, un līdz šā gada beigām inflācija Latvijā varētu atkal pārsniegt 2%.
Salīdzinoši lielo cenu kāpumu martā noteica gan sezonāli faktori, piemēram, apģērbu un apavu cenu kāpums pēc apģērbu sezonas izpārdošanas beigām, gan akcīzes nodokļa likmju paaugstināšana no 1. marta, kas martā kopējo patēriņa cenu līmeni Latvijā paaugstināja par 0.1%.
Inflācija Latvijā pašlaik kopumā ir zema, un ekonomika vēl neaug, taču ar inflāciju saistītās problēmas, visticamāk, nebeigsies. Piemēram, pakalpojumu cenu inflācija Latvijā joprojām ir augsta, un martā pakalpojumu gada inflācija pieauga līdz 5.7%, salīdzinot ar 4.8% februārī. Tas joprojām ir ļoti augsts inflācijas līmenis, un kopējais cenu kāpums 1.2% apmērā martā ir lielākais mēneša cenu pieaugums Latvijā kopš pagājušā gada maija.
Turklāt zemākas enerģijas cenas šobrīd arvien mazāk palīdz ierobežot inflāciju, un martā degvielas cenas Latvijā bija par 2,8 % augstākas nekā pirms gada.
Pēteris Strautiņš, ekonomists:
– Marts ir laiks, kad cenu pieaugums parasti ir vislielākais salīdzinājumā ar iepriekšējo mēnesi. Pēdējo 10 gadu laikā vidēji šajā mēnesī cenas ir palielinājušās par 1%, un šogad pieaugums ir vēl nedaudz lielāks.
Viens no marta cenu pieauguma iemesliem ir apģērbu un apavu izpārdošanas sezonas beigas. Arī šogad šajā preču kategorijā cenas salīdzinājumā ar februāri pieauga par 6.9%, tāpēc tās ietekme uz kopējo cenu līmeni bija vislielākā starp galvenajām patēriņa grupām (kopumā to ir 12) jeb 0.35 procentu punkti. Naftas cenu kāpums padarīja transporta izmaksas par otru galveno cenu kāpuma virzītājspēku, un to devums bija 0.2 procentu punkti, savukārt sezonālo faktoru ietekme uz pārtikas cenām palielināja patēriņa izdevumus par 0.19 procentu punktiem.
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